p = 3.1415926535 8979323846 2643383279 5028841971 6939937510
e = 2.7182818284 59045
Prime Numbers
Prime numbers are those numbers that have no factors other than one and themselves. These numbers now play a very important part in cryptography, and also in SETI (the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence).
PRIME NUMBERS UNDER 1000
1 2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23
29 31 37 41 43 47 53 59 61 67
71 73 79 83 89 97 101 103 107 109
113 127 131 137 139 149 151 157 163 167
173 179 181 191 193 197 199 211 223 227
229 233 239 241 251 257 263 269 271 277
281 283 293 307 311 313 317 331 337 347
349 353 359 367 373 379 383 389 397 401
409 419 421 431 433 439 443 449 457 461
463 467 479 487 491 499 503 509 521 523
541 547 557 563 569 571 577 587 593 599
601 607 613 617 619 631 641 643 647 653
659 661 673 677 683 691 701 709 719 727
733 739 743 751 757 761 769 773 787 797
809 811 821 823 827 829 839 853 857 859
863 877 881 883 887 907 911 919 929 937
941 947 953 967 971 977 983 991 997
Square Numbers
Square numbers are simply numbers that are the product of a number times itself. The first 100 square numbers are listed below:
1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100
121 144 169 196 225 256 289 324 361 400
441 484 529 576 625 676 729 784 841 900
961 1024 1089 1156 1225 1296 1369 1444 1521 1600
1681 1764 1849 1936 2025 2116 2209 2304 2401 2500
2601 2704 2809 2916 3025 3136 3249 3364 3481 3600
3721 3844 3969 4096 4225 4356 4489 4624 4761 4900
5041 5184 5329 5476 5625 5776 5929 6084 6241 6400
6561 6724 6889 7056 7225 7396 7569 7744 7921 8100
8281 8464 8649 8836 9025 9216 9409 9604 9801 10000
You may note that square numbers end only in the digits 0, 1, 4, 5, 6 or 9. Thus if a number ends in 2, 3, 7 or 8 it cannot be square.
Fibonacci Numbers
The first two Fibonacci numbers are one (unity). All the others are
computed from the formula:
1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55
89 144 233 377 610 987 1597 2584 4181 6765
10946 17711 28657 46368 75025 121393 196418 317811 514229 832040
Fibonacci was an Italian mathematician who lived from about 1175 to 1240 AD. His book Liber Abaci (the Book of the Abacus) helped introduce Hindu-Arabic numerals (0,1,2,3,...) to the western world. In it he also explained the number sequence that is now named after him. These numbers, particularly the first seven, have an intimate relationship to the natural world.